Shears



Nov. 20, 1928. H. G. R. vuLLlET Er AL l Re- 17,139 y SHEARS sVsheets-sheet 1 Original Filed Nov. *2, 1922 H. G. R. vuLLlET Er AL Nov.20, 1928,

SHEARS Uriginal Filed Nov. 2, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Figi-2..

Figli.

HTTORA/Ers NWLZG, 1928. H. G. R` vuLuET WAL Re- 17,139

sHEARs Original Filed Nov. 2, 1922 3 SheetsSheet 3 troubled by twopreoccupatious.: to cause the y Reissued Nov. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

HUBERT GASTON RAPHAEL VULLIET AND FRANQOIS ALEXIS HENRI DESCHATRES, OFPARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNORS T0 ANDR GUENEAU, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

SHEARS.

Original No. 1,493,171, dated May 6, 1924, Serial No. 598,474, filedNovember 2, 1922.l Application for reissue led October 25, 1927. Serial.No. 228,680.

In shears having a reciprocating movement, used up to this day, therelative feeding movement of the sheet-iron plate relatively to theshea-rs is obtained either by means of a. special device or by hand. Theautomatic feed` whichmoreover, is not generally used, necessitates a.mechanical complication which is costly in every case, and quiteinadmissible with small fixed or portable shears. Consequently, in thelatter, the feedingis always effected by hand; it results therefrom thatthe workman utilizing ak machine of this kind is tool (or the sheet-ironplate) to move forward at every stroke according tov ay predeterminedextent slightly less than the length cut, and to guide it vfor cuttingaccording to theline traced. On the -other hand, these shears can onlycut according to a. straight line and use must be made of non-portablecircular shears for curved outlines.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a new and improvedconstruction of great simplicity particularly adapted for small fixed orportable shears, (although not necessarily limit-ed to small shears), bymeans ot' which straight cuts or cuts having curves of small radii or ofirregular contigui-ation may be quickly and accurately made with thesame tool. 1

A further object is to provide a. new shear in which, byv a. very simplemechanism, the blade itself can take a bearing on the sheetiron plate(or acts on the same) for effecting the necessary feeding movement.

' In the shears forming the subject-matter of the inventiomthe movableblade is obliquely secured on a blade-carrier directly mounted on thecrank pin of a. crank or of'an eccentric to which is imparted acontinuous circular movement and this blade-carrier is moreover shapedin such a manner as toside in or on a sha ft parallel to the axis of thedriving crank.

This particular mechanism imparts to the movable blade two simultaneousmovement-s: l. a reciprocatingr movement for moving .it towards and awayfrom the fixed blade, movement by which the cutting operation iseffected; 2. a reciprocating movement in the direction of the 'advanceand recoil of the tool. In vthis latter movement, the movable blademoves in the direction of the recoil during the cutting operation butowing to its obhqulty and to its keenness it cannot slide on the sheetiron plate and, in consequence of the relative displacement of theblades, produces the advance of the tool or the plate according towhether the tool is portable or fixed. y

According to a first form of construction, the movable blade-carriermounted on the central bearing, which is out of center, of the drivingshaft, is, on the other hand` extended on the. side opposite to theblade. by a prismatic or cylindrical tail-piece which moves in a slideof a shaft arranged parallel and above the driving eccentric, so thatthe elliptical movement imparted to the movable blade is such that thesmall axis of the ellipse is directed in the same direction as the edgeof the blade and that the movement of relative displacement of the tooland of the maf tcrial to be cut is small.

In a second form of construction, this movable blade-carrier is sodevised as to present a Very large guide surface, in order to ensure thedisplacement of the movable blade, rigorously in the same plane.

Moreover, the rocking axis of this bladecarrier is arranged at a pointsituated slight- 1y below t-he axis of rotation of the eccentric drivingthe blade-carrier, so that the elliptical movement of this latter issuch that the large axis of the ellipse is directed in the samedirection as the edge of the blade and that the movement of translationof the said blade is thus the maximum.

Finally, two curved slots are formed yone above the other in the frameof the shears and symmetrically arranged relatively to the middle planeof the shears, and with their point of tangency slightly in front of theapex of the angle formed by the blades of the shears, sofas to permit ofturning the tool or Work in both directions in very small radii and toobtain the cutting of curved outlines without distorting the materialcut; these slots forming an oval opposed at the top to the cutting angleof the blades, so as to release the sheetiron plate 'cut withoutdistorting it.

In order that the invention may be clearly understood. two forms ofconstruction forming the subject-matter of the said invention will bedescribed hereafter, by way of example, withreference to theaccompanying drawing in which: I

Fig. 1 is a. front view. Fig. 2 is a side View, the frame beingpartially cut away.

Fig. 3 is a section made according to line 3 3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section according to line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan View according to line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a View, on an enlarged scale, of the movable blade.

Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a modification.

Fig. 8 is a side view thereof.

Fig. 9 is a. cross vertical section made according to line 9-9 of Fig.8.

Fig. 1() is a longitudinal Vertical section made according to line 10-10of Fig. 7.

Figs. 1l and 12 are two horizontal sections made respectively accordingto lines 11-11 and 12-12 of Fig. 8.

As illustrated 1n the drawing, the shears vforming the subject-matter ofthe invention comprise a frame a, which if the shears are constructed tobe moved while the work is held fixed, is provided with two handles b1and b2 for permitting the easy manipulation of the apparatus. The framea is also provided lwith two spaced cheeks c1, c2 the opposite `faces ofwhich are machined so as to guide the blade-carrier l on which isobliquely secured the movable blade e. As shown in the drawing, Fig. 6,this blade may be provided with small teeth which are oblique in thedirection of the feeding movement of the sheet-iron plate. These teethare not indispensable, but facilitate the operation as will be explainedhereafter.

The blade-carrier is mounted on shaft f:

the bearings of which in the cheeks c1, c2 are out of center relativelyto the bearing in the blade-carrier d. The diameters of these bearingsprefera-bly decrease from right "to left (Fig. 3), so as to permit theassemblage and,

disassemblage of the parts. A conical pin g fitted in a groove 7Lprovided in the shaft f, or any other suitable device, holds the latterin place. This shaft terminates in two squares or other-bearings whichpermit the connection thereto ofa suitable actuating means, such as aflexible transmission when the device is used suitable driving means ifthe tool is as a. portable tool, or an electric motor or other mountedon a fixed support.

Th e. blade-carrier d terminates on the opposite side of the bladein acylindrical tail-piece fitted in a corresponding hole formed in a shaftof large diameter, which can oscillate in bearings provided inthe cheeksel ando?.

The frame @terminates at the bottom `inan incline k. It carries at thisend a kind of hook Z separated from'the cheek c1 by a groove m. 'Onthis-hook is obliquely secured the fixed blade n. The incline k and theslot m. both begin or start from the fixed blade n, and aresubstantially parallel to the blades e and n respectively, so that thetwo portions ofthe cut sheet-iron plate can be disengaged without beingdistorted. A I i 7 On the other hand, the bottom ofthe slot m and theedge of the incline la are similarly ycurved in opposite directions asshown in Figs. 3 and 5 in order to allow the cutting otl curvedoutlines. A roller o may be providedto act as a rotary bearing.

In the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 7 to 11, the shears`comprises, as in the previous example, a frame a which may be providedwith two handles b1, b2 for grasping and guiding the apparatus. `Saidframe is provided with two cheeks c1, c2 machined on their `inner facebetween whichis guided the blade-carrier d on which is obliquely securedthe movable blade e.

This blade-carrier is formed of, a Aflatsteel member the dimensions andshape ofwhich are approximately similar to those .of the cheeks c1, 02and the plane faces of which are perfectly machined so as to fit witha1. neat running fit between the opposed guiding surfaces of' saidcheeks and thereb ensure the .l f

guiding and Adisplacement of the. lade e in the same plane. y

In this form of the invention, the bladecarrier is mounted by means of aball-bearing f1 on the central vbearing of ashaft f, which is out'4 ofcentre relatively to .the end bearings mounted in ball-bearings;c2arrangedinthe cheeks c1, c2 of the frame. The blade-carrier al hasformed atthe rear rectilinear slide-Way 2 which fits on the flat portionjl of a shaft capable of freely rock.

ing in bearings formed in the cheeks o1, c2, at the rear lof the shaft fthe rotation of which thereof, an extension Lin which is provided a freduces the displacement ofthe movable` lade e. i

The shaft j. which forms the axis of oscillation of the movable blade,is situated, at the rear and slightly below the axis of rotation of thedri ving shaft so that the elliptical movement of the movable bladeissuch that the large axis of the ellipse extends in the same 'directionas the edge of the blade whereby the n'ioveuient of translationofthetool is the At its lower part, the frame (i is provided with a kindof hook l at the end of whiehis secured the fixed blade n and which isseparated from the cheek c1 by avlongitudinal slotfm below which isformed a second longitudinal slot m1, open on the opposite face of thehook Z and vthe upper bott-emot which isfconnected with-the base of thecheek c2.

. Thevertical Awall of eachof these slots is curvedandthese :walls are,as shown ,respectively in Figs. :11 and 12,.,sy1ninetrically ar--1fanged .relatively to the cutting` planeof the tool and have theirpoint of tangeney slightly in front of the apex of the angle formed bythe two blades. By referring to Fig. 8 it will be Anoted that the slotsm, m1 are substantially parallel to the blades e and p respectively andbegin 0r start from the fixed blade p, thus forming supporting surfacesfor the cut portions of the sheet and preventing distortion thereof bythe cutting action of the shears. As a iesult of thisconstructiomrelative movement between the tool and material in the planeof the latter is not prevented, as with the prior constructions, but thesheet, or tool as the ease may be, can be freely turned about a verticalaxis for the production of curved outlines. The curvature of the verlical walls of the slots as `shown in Fig. ll also aids in freeing thework because as these vertical walls recede or curve away from the planeof the vertical cutting edges of the bla-des there is a substantialclearance between such walls and the cut portions of the sheet. Y Theoperation of the shears is the following:

rlhe shaft f being actuated with a rotary movement by means of asuitable transmission, such for instance, as a flexible transmissionprovided with an internally screwthreaded sleeve fitted on the suitablyscrewthreaded end f3 of the said shaft f, this latter acting in the sameway as a crank shaft, drives the movable blade e parallel to itself withan approximately elliptical movement resulting, as above stated, fromthe two following simultaneous movements:

l. Vertical reciprocating movement during which the cutting operation iseffected;

2. Reciprocating movement in the direction of advance and recoil of thetool determining the translation or feed of the shears on the materialto be cut; the movable blade e being displaced towards the right (Fig.8) on the sheet-iron plate during the inoperative portion of its stroke.When however, the blade is performing the cutting portion of its strokeit is moving towards the left (Fig. 8) or towards the fixed blade, thepressure of the movable blade performing a gripping action on the plate,which is increasedif the lower face of the` movable blade is toothed,and thus causing the shears or material as the case may be, to advance.I

It will be readily understood that with a shears constructed inaccordance with the principles vof our invention, the effectiveautomatic feeding of the material is secured by a very simple mechanism.Therefore, the workman is not compelled, as with the usual devices,toexert great pressure for forcing the material to the tool or vice versa.,Furtherinore, the principles' of our invention enable a.

power operated shears to be constructed which is capable of producingstraight cuts, or oppositely vcurved outlines of very small radii, orany desired combination thereof r Without necessitating any change oradjustmentof the tool. The cutting of curved outlines of small radii orof irregular configural which contributes to secure the desiredfresult;the automatic feeding of the material due to the combined horizontal andvertical ie'ciproeation of the movable blades: the relatively shortcutting blades and the Small length of material cut at each sti'okcthereof; the prevention ot distortion of the material by theconstruction and arrangement of the inclined supporting surfaces form-edby the incline 7c and slots m, m1, and the curved verticalwalls adjacentto such inclined supporting surface.

Finally, the forms of construction described with refeience to theaccompanying drawing are particularly strong and allow the manufactureof shears, of very reduced weight and volume capable of cuttingrrelatively thick sheet-iron plates. The principles of our inventionobviously are not limited to portable shears such as herein disclosedbut are equally applicable to the manufacture of y fixed shears, thematerial to be cut being then driven by the movable blade.

Finally, it is possible to manufacture, according to the principle ofthe invention, shears adapted to cut any sheet material other thansheet-iron (sheetl metals, fibres, cardboard, leather, etc.) capable ofbeing cut by the crossing of two blades.

The above arrangements are,of course., given by way of example only; theforms, proportions and dimensions may vary according to circumstanceswithout departing from the principle of the invention. f'

Claims:

1. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materialscomprising: a frame,-- guide handles,-two parallel cheeks formed in thesaid frame,-a hook at the base of the frame,-a fixed blade of theshears, obliquely secured at the end of this hook,-a drivinfr shaftjournalled in the said cheeks, a centrati eccentric bearingon the saidshaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks, a.blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft andreceiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards andfrom the fixed blade,-

a movable blade secured in an inclined position at the hase of thisb1ade-carrier,-means for imparting to this movable blade, simultaneouslywith the above reciprocating movement, a reciprocating movement inthedirection of advance and recoil of the shears,- means permitting to turnthe shears, during the cutting operation, on the material to be cut, invery small radii for cutting out curved outlines,-means for guiding andreleasing the material cut without Adistorting the same.

a the latter,

lo chceks,-a blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the drivingshaft and receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving ittowards and from the fixed blade,- a movable blade secured in aninclined position at the base of this blade-carrier,-a second shaft,parallel to the driving shaft and rocking m the cheelrsof the frame, anextcnsion ofthe movable blade-carrier engaging with this second rockingshaft and sliding on meansv permitting to turn the shears, during thecutting operation, on-the material to be cut, in very small radii forcutting out curved outlinesmeans for guiding and releasing the materialcut without disd torting .the same.

3. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materialscomprising: a frame, guide handles, two parallel cheeks formed in thesaid frame, a hook at the base of the frame, a fixed blade of theshears, obliquely secured at the end of this hook, a driving shaftjournalled in the said cheeks, a central eccentric bearing on the saidshaft and situated in the interval separating the said cheeks, a

blade-carrier mounted on the central bearing of the driving shaft andreceiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towards andfrom the fixed blade, a movable blade secured in an inclined position atthe 4a base of this blade-carrier, a second shaft, parallel to thedriving shaft and rocking in the cheeks of the frame, an extension ofthe movable blade-carrier engaging with this second 'rocking shaft andsliding on the latter, said frame being provided with two superposedgrooves, a vertical wall, curved in the bottom of these grooves, thesaid vertical walls being symmetrically arranged relatively7 to thvertical middle plane of the shears, with poi t of tangency slightly infront of the apex of the angleformed by the two blades of the shears,means for guiding and releasing the material eut without distorting thesame.

4. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materialscomprising: a frame,

guide handles, two parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, aahook atthe'base of the frame, a fixed blade of the shears.l obliquely securedat the end of this hook, a driving shaft journalled in the said cheeks,a central eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated intheinterval separating the said cheeks, a bladecarrier mounted on thecentral bearing of the driving shaft and receiving from thelatter areciprocatingr movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade, amovable blade secured in an inclined position at the base of thisblade-carrier, a second shaft, parallel to the driving shaftand rockingin the cheeks of the frame, an extension of the movable bladecarrierengaging with this `secondroeking shaft and imparting to the movableblade, simultaneously with the reciprocating movement moving it towardsand from the fixed blade, a reciprocating movement of advance andrecoil, said frame being provided with two superposed grooves, avertical wall, curved in the bottom of these grooves, the said verticalwalls being symmetrically arranged relatively to the vertical middleplane of the shears, with point of tangency slightly in front of theapex of the angle formed by the two blades of the shears, these twogrooves permitting to turn the shears on the material to be cut-forobtaining the cutting out of curved outlines, the said grooves formingtogether an angle opposed at the apex to the cutting angle of the bladesfor allowing4 to release the material eut and to avoid its distortion.

5. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a frame provided with a pairof oppositely inclined supporting surfaces for the eut portions of thesheet, a` stationary blade secured to said frame, a movable blade, saidframe being further provided with guideways for said movable blade,and'driving mechanism A connected with said movable blade for impartingthereto a movement towards and from said stationary blade during whichany point of the cutting edge of said movable blade describes asubstantially elliptical path.

6. In a shears for cutting sheet material,

a pair of overlapping, cutting blades having their cutting edges formingvan acute angle, one of said blades being fixed, means for giving theother blade. a combined closing and drawing-in movement, and anacute-angled wedge located behind the cutting blades to separate the cutportions of the sheet material into different planes to permit relativeturning of the blades and sheet material during the operation of themovable blade.

7, In a shears for cutting sheet material, a pair of cutting blades, oneof which is mova-` ble relatively to the other, and driving mechanismfor imparting to said one blade a movement towards and from 'the otherduring which any point of the cutting edge of said one blade describesva substantially elliptical path.

8. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a

'supporting framework, a pair rof cutting` blades, mounted on saidframework in Juxtaposed relationship with their cutting edges forming anacute angle, one of said blades being mounted for movement relatively tothe other, driving mechanism connected with said movable blade forimparting thereto a movement towards and from the Stationary llO edge ofsaid movable blade describes a comi bined horizontal and verticalreciprocation,

and a` pair of work supporting surfaces ex-` .tending rearwardly from apoint adjacent to the apex of the angle formed by the cutting edges ofsaid blade, andy substantially parallel with said cutting edges.

9. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a supporting framework, apair of cutting blades, mounted on said framework in juxtaposedrelationship with their cutting edges forming an acute angle, one ofsaid blades being mounted for movement relatively to the other, drivingmechanism connected with said movable blade for imparting thereto amovement towards and from the stationary blade during which any point ofthe cutting edge of said movable blade describes a combined horizontaland vertical reciprocation, a pair of work supporting surfaces extendingrearwardly from a point adjacent to the apex of the angle formed by thecutting edges of said blade, and substantially parallel with saidcutting edges, and a pair of oppositely curved diverging guidingsurfaces adjacent to said work supporting surfaces, said guidingsurfaces having their point of tangency adjacent to the apex ofthe angleof said cutting blades.

10. A. shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials,comprising: a frame,- two parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, -ahook on the frame,--a fixed blade of the shears obliquely secured at theend of this hook,-a driving shaft ournalled in the said cheeks,-acentral eccentric bearing on the said shaft and situated in the intervalseparating the said cheeks,-a blade-carrier mounted on the centralbearing of the driving shaft and receiving from the latter areciprocating movement moving it towards and from the fixed blade,-amovable blade secured in an inclined position at the end of thisblade-carrie1',-means for imparting to this movable blade,simultaneously with the above reciprocating movement, a. reciprocatingmovement in the direction of the relative advance and recoil of theshears and' the material to be eut,-means permitting relative turning ofthe shears andthe material to becut, during the cutting-operation, invery small radii for cuttingl out curved outlines,-

means for guiding and releasing the material cut without distorting thesame.

11. A shears for'cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials,comprising: a frame,- tvvo parallel cheeks formed in the said frame, -ahook on the frame,-a fixed blade of the shears, obliquely securted tothis hook-, -a driving shaft journalled in the frame, an eccentricbearing on the said shaft and situated in the interval separating thesaid cheeks,-a

. blade-carrierconnected to the eccentric bearing of the driving shaftand receiving from the latter a reciprocatinol movement moving ittowards and from the fixed blade,a movable blade secured to thisblade-carrier in an inclined pos1tion,-m`cans for imparting to thismovable blade, simultaneously with the above reciprocating movement, areciprocating movement in the direction of the relative advance andrecoil ofy the shears and the material to be cut,-means permittingrelative turning of the shears and the material to be cut, during thecutting operation, in very small radiifor cutting out curvedoutlines,-means for guiding and releasing the material cut withoutdistortingthe same.

12. A shears for cutting sheet-iron plates and other materials,comprising: a frame,-

' two parallel Vcheeks 'formed in the said frame,

a fixed blade of the shears secured to the frame,-a driving shaftjournalled in the said frame,-an eccentric bearing on the said shaft andsituated in the interval separating the said cheeks,ablade-carrier-connected to the' eccentric bearing of the driving shaftand receiving from the latter a reciprocating movement moving it towardsand from the fixed blade,-a movable blade secured to this blade-carrierhaving a cutting edge intersccting the cutting edge of the fixed blade.at an acute angle, means for imparting to the cutting edge of thismovable blade, simultaneously. with its movement toward the fixed blade,a longitudinal movement towards the apex of said angle,-the frame beingformed to permit the introduction of the material to be eut between thefixed and movable blades.

13. In a shears, a frame providing opposed parallel cheeks, a fixedshear blade mounted on said frame with its cutting edge beyond theperiphery of said cheeks, a blade carrying plate located between saidcheeks and guided thereby, a movable blade mounted on said carryingplate, and roverlapping said. fixed blade With its cutting edge at anacute angle to the cutting edge thereof, means for oscillating saidblade carrying plate so as to cause an intermediate part only of thecutting edge of said movable blade to cross and re-cross the cuttingedge of said fixed blade, and means engaging the blade carrier forguiding the oscillation of the movable blade in such direction that ithas a component parallel to its cutting edge as Well as a componentperpendicular thereto. l

14. In a shears for cutting sheet material, the combination of a frameproviding two parallel cheeks, a fixed blade mounted on said frame, ablade carryingplate located between the cheeks of the frame and guidedthereby, a cutting blade secured tosaid carry- -ing plate and inoverlapping relation with said fixed blade, means for oscillating saidcarrying plate engaging the plate at a point spaced from said bladealong a line substantially perpendicular to and intersecting the edge ofthe blade, and a pivot fixed in said edge of the fixed blade, and arigid frame. formed to provide a guideway embracing theA carlsier of themovable blade and a rigid support for the fixed blade and to provideguiding means With clearance space extending rearwardly and outwardlyfrom the apex of the angle formedl by the cutting edges of the blades topermit relative turning of the blades and the sheet metal during theoperation of the movable blade.

16. In a shears for cutting sheet material, a pair of cutting blades,one of Which is movable relatively to the other, and drivingmechanismfor imparting to said one blade a movement towards and from the otherduring Which any point of the cutting edge of said one blade describesan elongated curved closed path.

` The foregoing specication of our shears signed by us this 29th day ofJuly, 1925, and this 3rd day of May, 192

FRANCOIS ALEXIS HENRI DESCHTRES. HUBERT GASTON RAPHAEL VULLIE'I'.

